Veterinarski glasnik 2024 Volume 78, Issue 1, Pages: 15-27
https://doi.org/10.2298/VETGL230721003G
Full text ( 412 KB)


Detection of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) antibodies in backyard poultry by using indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

Gobena Zelalem (Wallaga University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nekemte, Ethiopia)
Hirpa Eyob (Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Bishoftu, Ethiopia), eyob.hirpa@aau.edu.et
Fikadu Yobsan (Wallaga University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nekemte, Ethiopia)
Guyasa Chala (Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Health Institute, Sebeta, Ethiopia)
Rufael Tesfaye (Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Health Institute, Sebeta, Ethiopia)
Taweya Debela (Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Bishoftu, Ethiopia)
Feyisa Abdi (Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Bishoftu, Ethiopia)
Waktole Hika ORCID iD icon (Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Bishoftu, Ethiopia)
Obsi Dechassa (Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Bishoftu, Ethiopia)

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) causes infectious bursal disease in poultry and poses a major challenge to the poultry industry globally. This study aimed to measure seroprevalences and so detect exposure to IBDV in backyard poultry in the selected zone of Horro Guduru Wollega. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2021 to November 2022. Blood samples were collected for serum extraction from 384 backyard chickens in the Horro and Horro Bulluq districts. IBDV antibody detection was conducted using an indirect ELISA serological diagnostic test. Questionnaires assessed poultry owners’ knowledge and health/hygiene management practices regarding the disease. The over all seroprevalence of IBDV was 14.84%. Significant variations in seroprevalence were seen based on district, bird age, bird sex, and flock size. Limited owner experience (just 1-3 years), disposing of carcasses in pits, and poor hygiene on the backyard premises were associated with higher IBDV seroprevalence. In conclusion, IBDV seroprevalence was linked to chicken management practices. Recommendations include improving poultry management among owners to control IBDV. The study indicates backyard poultry in the region have considerable IBDV exposure, and control should focus on improving management practices identified as high-risk, such as pit disposal of carcasses and poor hygiene.

Keywords: Backyard chickens, Infectious bursal disease, Risk factor, Seroprevalence

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