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Anxiolytic and antidepressive effects of magnesium in rats and their effect on general behavioural parameters

Samardžić Janko (Medicinski fakultet, Institut za farmakologiju, kliničku farmakologiju i toksikologiju, Beograd)
Savić Kristina (Medicinski fakultet, Institut za farmakologiju, kliničku farmakologiju i toksikologiju, Beograd)
Baltezarević Dragana (Farmaceutski fakultet, Beograd)
Matunović Radomir (Vojnomedicinska akademija, Klinika za kardiologiju, Beograd)
Obradović Miljana (Medicinski fakultet, Institut za histologiju i embriologiju, Beograd)
Jančić Jasna (Medicinski fakultet, Klinika za neurologiju i psihijatriju za decu i omladinu, Beograd)
Obradović Dragan I. (Medicinski fakultet, Institut za farmakologiju, kliničku farmakologiju i toksikologiju, Beograd)

Magnesium (Mg) is an essential element that catalyses more than 300 enzyme systems. Its effects on the central nervous system are exhibited through the blocking of activity of N-methyl D-aspartat (NMDA) receptors and potentiating of GABA-ergic neurotransmission. Due to the vast importance of these two neurotransmission systems in the fine regulation of the central integrative function activity, the aim of this research was to test the anxiolytic and antidepressive effects of magnesium, after acute and repeated application, and its influence on general behavioural parameters. In this research Wistar albino rats were treated with increasing doses of Mg chloride 6-hydrate (MgCl 10, 20, 30 mg/kg). In order to determine anxiolytic and antidepressive properties of magnesium two models were used: elevated plus maze (EPM) and forced swim test (FST). Behavioural parameters (stillness and mobility) were recorded during acute and repeated administration of the active substance. Results of EPM testing showed no significant difference between groups, p>0.05. After acute application of increasing doses of magnesium chloride hydrate in FST, we showed the statistically significant difference in immobility time between the group of animals treated with Mg and the control group treated with the solvent, p<0.01. The statistically significant difference between groups treated with the lowest and the middle dose of magnesium and the controls was observed already on the first day of examining behavioural parameters (p=0.020, p=0.010). Our research has showed that magnesium, following acute administration, increases locomotor activity, and has an antidepressive but not an anxiolytic effect.

Keywords: magnesium, forced swim test, elevated plus maze, rats